Bronze stag from Madinat al-Zahra'

Date: Second half of the tenth century
Location or Findspot (Modern-Day Country): Spain
Medium: Bronze
Dimensions: 32.3 × 31.5 × 10 cm
Description: Excavations at Madinat al-Zahra' uncovered this small bronze stag, which was once part of a fountain. Water was pumped up through the stag's hollow body so that it could pour from its open mouth. Light reflecting off the ripples in a courtyard basin would then have created patterns of light across the engraved patterns on its body.
Relevant Textbook Chapter(s): 5, 6
Image Credits: Wikimedia Commons

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